منابع مشابه
Gray cast-iron water pipe metallurgy
The results of a metallographic study of grey cast iron water pipes are reported. These pipes had been installed between 1885 and 1973 in eight different water systems. Each pipe had been extracted during scheduled maintenance or failure repairs to provide data for a larger study to produce a methodology for determining the residual life of grey cast iron pipes. This metallographic study was co...
متن کاملCast Iron Metallurgy
Cast iron (CI) is one of the oldest materials in commercial use. It has excellent compressive strength and is commonly used for structures that require this property, as well as for water and sewer lines. This article explains CI metallurgy and why the understanding of this metallurgy is key to understanding other ferrous materials and alloys. The composition of cast iron (CI) varies significan...
متن کاملFailure modes and mechanisms in gray cast iron pipe
Failures in cast iron water mains are more complex and diverse than is widely understood in the industry. This paper discusses the modes and causes of pipe failures that have been encountered during a three year investigation by the National Research Council Canada. In addition to corrosion, manufacturing defects, human error and unexpected levels of pipe loading all play a role in the large nu...
متن کاملInvestigating large gray cast iron pipe failures: a step by step approach
Pipe failures are a common problem for all water utilities. This paper describes a step by step approach for determining the causes of those failures. This process is particularly important for investigating failures in important pipelines where the failure may have had significant social or economic costs. The steps presented include actions that should be taken to prepare for a failure analys...
متن کاملPretreatment of Gray Cast Iron for Hard Chromium Electroplating (RESEARCH NOTES)
From the standpoint of processing, hard chromium layer plate may be applied to steels, cast iron, aluminum and nickel base alloys. Cast iron can be plated provided that the surface is capable of conducting the required current and is reasonably free of voids, pits, gross silicate inclusions, and massive segregation. There are many difficulties arising from graphite phase and deposition of hydro...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0899-1561,1943-5533
DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2000)12:3(245)